Hay fever occurs when the body makes allergic antibodies (IgE) to substances such as pollen, house-dust mites or mould, known as allergens.
It’s usually worse when it’s warm, humid and windy, when the pollen count is at its highest, but there’s variation depending on which plants or moulds you are allergic to. Grass pollen is the commonest allergen (May to July), but tree pollen (February to June), and weed pollen and mould spores (June to September) can also cause the allergic reaction. In perennial allergic rhinitis, the symptoms occur year-round, usually relating to indoor allergens, such as house-dust mites, pets or moulds.
Symptoms include sneezing and coughing, blocked or runny nose, sore, itchy, red or watery eyes, itchy throat, mouth, nose and ears, reduced smell or taste, sinus pains, headache…