Our bodies constantly monitor our blood levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide and acidity, adjusting breathing as necessary – for example when we’re exercising or oxygen levels are low (high altitude). But unexplained rapid/laboured breathing, at rest or on slight exertion, should ring alarm bells.
Lung problems
When we inhale, air travels down to the alveolar sacs where oxygen passes into the blood and carbon dioxide is collected for breathing out. Conditions that narrow the airways (eg asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), damage the alveoli (fibrosis) or target lung tissue (pneumonia, cancer, TB, immune-system disorders, blood clots or toxins) force us to breathe more rapidly. There may be other symptoms such as a cough, wheezing, chest pain, weight loss, blood-stained sputum, sweats or cyanosis (blue lips, tongue or nails). Treatment may…
