Innholdsfortegnelse for October 17, 2016 i Time Magazine International Edition

“WHOEVER SAVES ONE LIFE, SAVES ALL OF humanity,” reads the verse from the Quran that serves as the fuel for an impossible mission. The White Helmets of Syria—teachers, tailors, builders, doctors—didn’t flee the country, didn’t take up arms; instead they return day after day to the scene of some of the worst carnage anywhere on the planet, where civilians are not collateral damage: they are prime targets. With the collapse of a fragile cease-fire, the violence is now as bad as at any time during the civil war that has killed at least 400,000 people and driven 11 million more from their homes. But that number would be even higher were it not for the work of the volunteer White Helmets. A war defined by impossible choices and implacable hatreds…

MOUNTING ANGER Oromia has been racked by protests since 2014, when the government announced plans to expand the capital, Addis Ababa, into the region. Demonstrations have continued, despite the shelving of the plans in January, over issues such as human rights and local governance. REFORMS DENIED Oromos say the TPLF party, which runs the government and whose Tigrayan elites are seen to have unduly benefited from Ethiopia’s economic boom, is standing in the way of vital reforms. Although the government says it did not open fire on protesters in Oromia, its frequently violent treatment of dissenters is likely to inspire more unrest. AROUND THE HORN The protests threaten not just Ethiopia’s burgeoning economy but also regional stability. The country is considered a bulwark against terrorist groups active in the Horn…

 COLOMBIAN VOTERS SHOCKED OUTSIDERS on Oct. 2 by voting down a measure, backed by their President, that would have formally ended the government’s half-century war with FARC rebels. Given similarly surprising referendum results elsewhere, it’s natural to wonder why voters are increasingly choosing no when political leaders are asking for yes. It’s natural to wonder why voters are increasingly choosing no when political leaders are asking for yes Case in point: Former Prime Minister David Cameron asked Britons to vote yes to continue membership in the E.U. Instead, a majority voted no. The clearest lesson from that experience for leaders hoping to win a referendum is to avoid personalizing the vote. By putting so much of his personal credibility on the line, Cameron gave political opportunists, like fellow Conservative Boris…

At first glAnce, london’s Oxford Street looks like any other pristine urban corridor. Trees bloom. Taxis honk. Shoppers flock to stores like Starbucks, Uniqlo and the Gap. Of all the words you could use to describe this destination, dangerous would be low on the list. But the air that flows through Oxford Street is far from benign. Over time, it has become saturated with nitrogen dioxide, a pollutant that is invisible to the naked eye and contributes to a number of health issues—asthma, lung disease, even death—if inhaled on a regular basis. In August, London’s mayor, Sadiq Khan, dubbed Oxford “the most polluted street in the world” in terms of nitrogen dioxide (though that distinction is always in flux). This is not the narrative we’re used…

IF YOU PUT PEOPLE IN BRAIN SCANNERS and give them something delicious—say, wine or chocolate—the reward centers of their brains light up. In other words, it’s making them feel good. But if you promise them a delicious item in the future, there’s no reward-center activity. If it’s not in our hands (or mouths), we don’t care. Money is the rare exception to this rule, and studies show it has a unique ability to affect the way we think, feel and behave—even if we don’t have much or are unaware of its influence. Just as most people think they’re better than average at driving, they also think they’re better than average at negotiating a deal, which primes them to get ripped off. Moreover, if patients believe pain relief to be pricey,…

Saving the gray crowned crane from extinction isn’t just about preserving an iconic symbol of wealth and longevity in Rwandan culture, says Olivier Nsengimana. It’s also about saving us. “Having the cranes disappear means there is something wrong, a balance that has not been maintained,” says the wildlife veterinarian. “Conservation is about saving humans as well.” Once plentiful, there are now fewer than 500 of Rwanda’s only crane species left in the wild. It is the bird’s very symbolism that has led to its downfall. The delicate, meter-tall birds are poached from the wild to become living lawn ornaments for the nation’s wealthy, but they won’t breed in captivity, and many die. Nsengimana, 32, originally worked in gorilla conservation but grew disturbed by accounts of the cranes’ decline. “I thought,…

‘IF I AM A LEADER, THEN I’M THE LEADER OF THE WEIRDOS.’ Rubén Doblas Gundersen may be one of the most famous people you’ve never heard of. The man known to his fans as El Rubius is a Spanish-speaking superstar of YouTube whose 20.9 million subscribers outnumber those of Beyoncé’s and Lady Gaga’s channels combined. The 26-year-old is one of a wave of celebrity YouTubers known for their colorful vlogs and is now the site’s eighth most popular user. Doblas Gundersen began uploading footage of himself to YouTube joking and playing video games at age 16, soon after the site launched. After one gameplay got 600,000 hits in a week, his fan base rocketed not just in Spain, but also across Latin America. By age 21, YouTubing was his career,…

Big science doesn’t always happen with a eureka! revelation. As Feng Zhang, 34, will tell you, the most life-altering technologies often have the least remarkable provenance. China-born Zhang, now a U.S. citizen, first heard about how certain bacteria can clip out sections of viral DNA during a run-of-the-mill lecture in 2011. The biomedical engineer had been working without success for about a year at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University’s Broad Institute to develop a precise way to cut and paste DNA, in order to gain unprecedented control over any living thing’s genome. He quickly realized that the bacteria were on to something. He gave himself a crash course in the mechanism, known as CRISPR, and got to work on tweaking it to “edit” cells from mammals. It…

TERRIFYING AS THE c WORD CAN BE, breast cancer today means something very different than it did a decade ago. Doctors know more than ever about what causes cancer in the first place and when it’s best to screen for the disease as well as which cancers are more likely to spread aggressively and which may be able to be monitored and left alone. This knowledge will only grow more refined in the years to come, thanks in part to a handful of landmark studies launched this year. Mounting evidence shows that the tendency to respond to every breast cancer with every treatment option available—surgery, chemotherapy, radiation—isn’t always necessary, takes a toll in serious side effects and rarely adds years to women’s lives. This is especially critical as doctors learn…

BOOKS One of 10 authors reimagining the Bard’s plays for the Hogarth Shakespeare Series, Margaret Atwood sets her interpretation of The Tempest, Hag-Seed (Oct. 11), in a modern Canadian prison. TELEVISION High-concept drama Falling Water (Oct. 13 on USA Network) follows three strangers whose dreams are interconnected. MUSIC After dominating charts with her single “Hide Away” and vocals on the Chainsmokers’ “Don’t Let Me Down,” 17-year-old Daya drops her first album, Sit Still, Look Pretty (Oct. 7), an ironically titled feminist anthem. MOVIES Ava DuVernay’s timely and devastating documentary 13th (Oct. 7 on Netflix and in theaters) argues mass incarceration of black Americans carries on the legacy of slavery.…

GOOD WEEK Chorizo Chipotle started offering the sausage at all U.S. locations BAD WEEK Pastrami New York City’s famed Carnegie Deli will close after nearly 80 years ‘I HAVE SAID ENOUGH FOR A LIFETIME.’ VIN SCULLY, announcer for the L.A. Dodgers, broadcasting his final game after 67 years; he started when the baseball team was still in Brooklyn ‘He’s asking everybody to vote for somebody that he cannot defend.’ TIM KAINE, Democratic vice-presidential nominee, on his opponent, Republican Mike Pence, during the vice-presidential debate on Oct. 4 ‘The winds are making so many bad noises. We’re just doing our best to stay calm.’ JENNIFLORE DESROSIERS, resident of Port Salut, Haiti, describing Hurricane Matthew on Oct. 4 as the storm hit the nation, which is still recovering from a 2010 earthquake;…

Ohio ready to resume executions Ohio said it would resume executions in 2017, using a new three-drug combination. Lethal injections in the state were stalled for three years after a botched execution in which the condemned man took over 20 minutes to die. Pound plunges over Brexit fears British Prime Minister Theresa May set out a timetable for the U.K.’s departure from the European Union, saying the formal mechanism for Brexit will be triggered by April 2017. The pound slumped to its lowest level against the dollar in 31 years on Oct. 4 after the announcement. Flint hit by bacterial outbreak An outbreak of shigellosis, a bacterial illness transmitted when people do not wash their hands, has sickened dozens of residents in Flint, Mich., where the local water supply has…

Kunduz briefly falls to the Taliban The Taliban occupied large parts of the Afghan city of Kunduz on Oct. 3, almost exactly a year after briefly seizing the city in 2015. Officials reclaimed the city center within 48 hours but are still deflecting fresh attacks from the insurgents. Lynching-victims memorial to open The first U.S. memorial to victims of lynching will open in Alabama in 2017, a civil rights organization said. The Equal Justice Initiative said the memorial would pay tribute to the more than 4,000 black victims killed across the South from 1877 to 1950. Yahoo monitored millions of emails Yahoo scanned hundreds of millions of its customers’ incoming emails in secret at the request of the U.S. government, according to a Reuters report. The tech company responded only…

SELECTED Former Portuguese Prime Minister António Guterres, as Secretary General of the United Nations, by the body’s Security Council. The onetime U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees is set to succeed Ban Ki-moon in 2017. WON Nobel Prize in Physics, by David Thouless, Duncan Haldane and Michael Kosterlitz, for work in the field of topology revealing “secrets of exotic matter.” ▷ Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, by Yoshinori Ohsumi, for research into autophagy, the process by which cells essentially eat themselves. ▷ Nobel Prize in Chemistry, by Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Fraser Stoddart and Bernard “Ben” Feringa, for developing “molecular machines.” The tiny structures could radically change health care, computing and more. PERFORMED Four womb transplants from living donors in the U.S. for the first time. The surgeries could allow thousands of…

DOGS MAY BE MAN’S BEST FRIEND, BUT in her new book, The Lion in the Living Room, Abigail Tucker argues that cats deserve more credit for their domestic dominance. House cats outnumber dogs by as much as 3 to 1 worldwide, she writes, which is especially impressive given their defining traits: unlike dogs, which were originally domesticated for their ability to hunt, shepherd and protect, cats were never utilitarian (aside from their ability to deter mice). Humans could have embraced another small species, like badgers or foxes. But cats primed us to love them, partly because of their humanoid faces—those big eyes remind us of our own babies—and partly because they didn’t fear us as much as other animals do. Now felines are a global obsession, especially online, where figures…

1 THE PEOPLE AROUND YOU AFFECT YOUR ATTRACTIVENESS A study in the journal Psychological Science found that people’s rankings on an attractiveness scale increased as they were viewed alongside an increasingly unattractive face. 2 DOGS MAY LEARN MORE EFFICIENTLY THAN CHILDREN Yale researchers who taught dogs how to open a box containing food found that a significant number of dogs learned to skip the unnecessary lever step in four trials, suggesting they’re more likely than children to disregard instructions that aren’t needed to solve a task at hand. 3 CAFFEINE MIGHT PREVENT DEMENTIA A 10-year study in Journals of Gerontology, Series A, found that for women 65 and older, caffeine consumption above 261 mg—at least two to three cups of coffee per day—was associated with a 36% reduction in the…

ALLAN THIEL LIKES TO STAY INFORMED. THAT’S how he knows that President Barack Obama is a foreign-born Muslim who cheated his way into the presidency in order to promote a globalist “utopia.” A retired factory worker and born-again Christian, he waits on the floor of the Greenville, N.C., convention center for Donald Trump to take the stage, holding up his phone so others can see the latest headline he had just read: “Obama Announces Plans for a Third Term Presidential Run.” The story is not true. But right now, in this moment, Thiel believes it, just as he believes that climate change is a hoax, that Islam is being promoted in American schools and that the government has been bought out by drug cartels. He says that “people aren’t being…

Lotfullah Najafizada, head of TOLOnews, Afghanistan’s largest 24-hour news channel, often sleeps in the station’s compound in the Afghan capital of Kabul. “I don’t want to take the risks I face to my home,” says the 28-year-old. “It’s not just about my safety. It’s also my family’s safety.” A decade and a half after a U.S.-led invasion displaced the Taliban from Kabul, ensuring safety for himself and his 100-plus staff has become an increasingly critical concern for Najafizada, who started out in journalism in 2006 with a small newspaper in the city of Mazar-i-Sharif. “I was still a student,” he recalls. “We all felt we had to do something to make things better for our families, our society.” Soon he got a job in online news at the Kabul-based media…

 Don’t call Joey Alexander a genius. Yes, the Indonesia-born pianist is already, at 13, a Grammy-nominated jazz artist currently promoting his second album, ‘I WANT PEOPLE TO DIG MY MUSIC AND NOT CARE ABOUT WHO I AM.’ Countdown. But the teenager says he doesn’t like the labels that come with being preternaturally talented. “I really don’t think I’m a genius or a prodigy,” he says. “I want people to dig my music and not care about who I am.” He was born in 2003 in Denpasar, the capital of Bali, to musical parents who played him jazz as a baby. At 6, he saw an electric keyboard and thought it was a toy. “Then I found the keys, and I just felt the sound,” he says. Other than a little…

For decades, the mantra around cancer has been that early detection and early treatment save lives. That led to broad recommendations for all women to get mammograms once they reached age 40—and even earlier for women with a family history of the disease. More recently, some public-health groups have changed their advice, saying most women can begin mammograms at age 50. In order to refine our understanding of who should start screening when, Dr. Laura Esserman, a breast-cancer expert at the University of California, San Francisco, will lead the WISDOM study, which will test a more targeted approach. About 100,000 women across the U.S. will be randomly assigned to either a personalized screening regimen—determining when to have mammograms according to a woman’s individual risk—or to annual mammograms. Their outcomes will…

“TOO BIG TO FAIL” IS BACK. A SERIES OF penalties for past misconduct at Deutsche Bank, one of the linchpins of the global financial system, is threatening to ravage shareholders, raising fears about what happens to trillions of dollars in complex financial products known as derivatives on its balance sheet. How it came to this: TROUBLE MONEY Germany’s biggest lender has been paying out large amounts to traders to settle claims that it rigged interest and exchange rates, and it faces more from financial watchdogs for allegedly helping clients (notably in Russia) avoid money-laundering regulations. Negative interest rates, overcapacity in Europe’s banking sector and structural changes to financial markets are making it hard for Deutsche to generate profits to pay these penalties, with an even bigger fine on the horizon.…

VENEZUELA ODALISQUE IN RED TROUSERS, MATISSE The Caracas Museum of Contemporary Art realized in 2002 that the Matisse original had been switched with a copy. The FBI caught a couple in 2012 attempting to sell the canvas in Miami Beach. NORWAY THE SCREAM, MUNCH It took only 50 seconds for a thief to steal the most important of four versions of this iconic painting from a Norwegian museum in February 1994. It took police two months to recover it. U.K. FRUITS ON A TABLE, GAUGUIN Stolen from a London flat in 1970, this still life was found some 40 years later in the home of an Italian pensioner. He had bought it at a lost-property auction and eventually got to keep the $44 million piece.…

THE MOST INTERESTING THING ABOUT TIM KAINE AND Mike Pence is that they represent parties that no longer exist. Kaine is a moderate Democrat in a party hijacked by the Bernie Sanders left. Pence is an old-fashioned conservative in a party hijacked by Donald Trump populism. Left to their own devices, they might have engaged in the civilized, well-informed, stultifying arguments that we’ve been seeing for years. But both were forced to focus most of their attention on the two heavyweight contenders, Hillary Clinton and Trump, and neither did a particularly good job of it—though Pence got the better of Kaine by being calmer, less intrusive, the exact opposite of his obnoxious ticket partner. Whoever told Kaine that he had to be aggressive, interrupt constantly and focus on Trump’s insanities…

2017 Year that remote Arctic regions could get high-speed Internet; because of global warming, cables are being laid in waters once covered by thick ice $10 trillion Value of financial transactions sent daily via undersea cables $10 Price per word in 1866 to send a telegraph via the first working transatlantic cable; at the time, $10 was a decent weekly wage (and transmissions were eight words per minute) 70% Percentage of damage to cables due to anchor dropping and trawling; there are more than 100 cable breaks each year 99% Percentage of intercontinental data transmitted through undersea cables; it takes much longer for data to travel by satellite 312 Number of undersea cables in commission today; they all use fiber-optic technology, which transmits data at nearly the speed of light…

March 2011 The first antigovernment protests take place in Damascus, Dara‘a and elsewhere July 2012 The Free Syrian Army seizes Aleppo, beginning an ongoing battle for the city Early 2013 The White Helmets are formed September 2015 Russia launches airstrikes on the city in support of Assad September 2016 The White Helmets’ Aleppo bases become the target of heavy bombing attacks…

If great art can come from the most unlikely places, then so too can great fashion—as the rise of Apichet Atilattana proves. The 17-year-old, who goes by the pseudonym Madaew, grew up in Thailand’s impoverished northeastern region of Isaan, the country’s rice-growing heartland. He knew as a young child that he identified as a kathoey, a transgender female sometimes referred to as a “third sex” in Thailand (he prefers to use a male pronoun). His parents never tried to change who he was, he says, letting him dress up Barbie dolls without feeling ashamed. Soon he was making his own dresses, mixing fabrics with everyday objects like chicken wire and dyed cabbage leaves found near his family’s market stall. “I wanted people to see that ugly things that don’t seem…

It can be hard to know where Héloïse Letissier ends and her onstage persona, Christine and the Queens, begins. She’s happy to clarify. “It’s really the same thing,” she says. “Christine is just me, Héloïse, without the boundaries.” The Nantes-born singer, 28, belongs to a new genre of musicians who eschew the explicit femininity often associated with pop music and instead embrace fluid notions of gender through performance, lyrics and attire; Letissier’s go-to outfit is an androgynous two-piece tailored suit. Her catchy synth-pop debut album, Chaleur Humaine (Human Warmth), went seven times platinum in France and is just now getting her serious attention across the pond. In October, she began her first, much anticipated U.S. headline tour, accompanied by male dancers, her “Queens.” It’s a lot of attention for someone…

In a media landscape of tweets, Snaps and Facebook Lives, Molly Crabapple uses pen and ink—and markers and paint and sketchbooks. That’s because Crabapple, 33, is an artist-journalist, sketching from the front lines of conflicts in the U.S. and around the world for publications like Vice, Vanity Fair and the New York Times. Crabapple first realized the journalistic utility of her sketchbook when she reported for Vice from Guantánamo Bay in 2013. Photographs are heavily censored there, but the guards didn’t pay much attention to drawings. “This sketchbook is like a lock pick,” she says. “You can expose so many things that can’t be exposed otherwise.” Since then, she’s sketched her way through the U.S. prison system, across the Syrian border and in Turkey as well as in refugee camps…

A DISEASE AS COMPLEX AS BREAST CANCER can result from a combination of factors, both genetic and lifestyle. Everything from the DNA you were born with to the changes in your genes that come from things like smoking, how much you exercise, your radiation exposure, what you eat and even how much you sleep can influence risk. Still, some factors appear stronger than others. According to the American Cancer Society, as much as 75% to 80% of breast cancers may be tied to lifestyle choices and environmental exposures. (The rest can be traced to genes, including mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2.) There’s plenty of evidence that women may be able to control a certain amount of their breast-cancer risk by maintaining a healthy weight, eating a healthy diet and getting…

THERE ARE SOME THINGS no parent should ever have to say. In Kim A. Snyder’s modest but devastating documentary Newtown, the father of Daniel Barden, one of the 20 children killed at Sandy Hook Elementary School in 2012, says that memories of his 7-year-old son’s funeral are hazy. He adds, “We did manage to attend quite a few of the other children’s funerals.” Newtown is an intimate snapshot of what it means for a small community to face the funerals of 20 children and six adults—deaths that, the film posits, probably wouldn’t have happened if not for the easy availability of assault weapons. The picture is quietly yet intrepidly political: it includes footage from a 2013 Senate Judiciary Committee hearing in which emergency-room doctor William Begg explains bluntly, but with…

‘Today you do not need guns like we did in the ’60s.’ Your new book with photographer Stephen Shames, Power to the People, is full of pictures from the early days of the Black Panther Party. How does it feel to look back at that time? It feels like yesterday. Because I never stopped being active in one way, shape, fashion or form. The introduction notes that you want to help people make sense of the present by understanding the past. Where do you see that connection? Let’s take the Republican efforts, in many states, of voter suppression. When I started the Black Panther Party I was working for the city government of Oakland, Calif. In that framework, young folks were saying, “We’re going to have…