Innholdsfortegnelse for September 2018 i Popular Mechanics

• Finally cleared the brush pile that’s been accumulating in the backyard since Superstorm Sandy. • Went to Dearborn, Michigan. Not a vacation destination, you say? Aha but you’re wrong! Dearborn is home to the Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation, which 1.8 million people visit every year. Be one of those people. The place is astonishing—an entire museum devoted to inventions, problem-solving, design, and progress. They have the Wright brothers’ airplane, electric cars, glassblowing, and the bus in which Rosa Parks rested her aching feet. There’s a village where you can ride in a Model T. We did the tour of the Rouge, a working Ford F-150 factory. Great day. Could have spent two more. • Saw the GM Heritage Collection, a dreamlike display of nearly 200 cars from…

THIS APRIL, after a suspected chemical weapons attack in Douma, Syria, killed dozens of people and sickened hundreds more, an international monitoring group called the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons sent a team to investigate. In May the OPCW released its results: suspected chlorine gas. Jerry Smith, who served as senior inspection team leader at OPCW from 2011 to 2012 and the head of contingency operations from 2013 to 2014, explains the process. WHERE THEY COLLECT SAMPLES In the first visit to Douma—two weeks after the attack—inspectors gathered more than 100 samples. Witness or victim interviews are best. They help you narrow down the search area. You can also take blood or urine samples from the victims. (If there are fatalities, you take slices of liver from the…

CASE STUDY 1 The Sharing Project THREE YEARS AGO, Jinghui Zhang, chair of the department of computational biology at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis, tried to download a set of 1,547 samples from a government database so she could run an experiment on it. The download took a year and a half. Every time Zhang’s team thought they had the complete set of data, they performed a statistical check that was supposed to catch any transmission errors. Seven times, the check failed. Seven times, the team started working only to realize that part of the set was missing, and they’d have to start all over. “Data downloading is a very painful process,” Zhang says. “It can potentially drive researchers away from science. Period.” Zhang had already started to wonder…

CINCINNATI USED TO be known as the Machine Tool Capital of the World. In the late 19th century, artists, inventors, and manufacturers gathered at Cincinnati Industrial Expositions to showcase their collective creativity as a “city of the future.” Today, local makers and movers work together in that same spirit to build civic involvement through shared craftsmanship. THE MAKER MEGAN TRISCHLER HER COMPANY PEOPLE’S LIBERTY People’s Liberty is a philanthropic lab designed to support people working across all mediums to launch community-focused ideas. We invest directly in people. People’s Liberty began by asking some disruptive questions about the nature of philanthropic involvement in community development: What would it look like if we experimented with the traditional grant-making model and cut checks directly to people? Could we operate a physical place where…

OWNER Christopher D. Smith LOCATION Pinehurst, North Carolina PURCHASED Leith Mercedes-Benz of Raleigh (Summer 1989, new) PURCHASE PRICE $63,000 YEARS OWNED 29 MILEAGE 24,537 original miles MY MOTHER always wanted a Mercedes convertible. Back in the ’80s, we moved from Long Island to North Carolina, and she finally went to a dealer. I will never forget that summer day she pulled into our driveway. The car was a work of art. For those first few years, she only drove it four or five miles per week, just around town with a handful of trips to the beach. But, eventually, the car needed work. At that point, nobody thought of these as classics. She told me she was going to sell it, and I said, “Yeah, to me!” We made a…

Introduction ATTACKS IN OUR SCHOOLS seem to be occurring with more frequency and with higher intensity. But the response among political and school-district leaders has often been confused and often been understandably inconsistent. Schools are not in fact more common targets for mass shootings than other public venues, but as free and open places for learning, creativity, and athletics, they are particularly vulnerable. And of course schools have a special obligation to keep the children in their care safe. ¶ Protecting schools is a particularly terrible and vexing problem. But Popular Mechanics has always been about solving problems. This is not a story about guns or rights or control. Those debates will take a long time to play out. There will be no legislative solution tomorrow or the next day…

The Partner Alliance for Safer Schools Started by members of the Security Industry Association and the National Systems Contractors Associations, PASS provides a step-by-step map for assessing and outfitting schools with safety technology. passk12.org Secure Schools Alliance A nonprofit advocacy group tackling school safety research and legislation, with particular interest in securing funding for security infrastructure improvements. Website includes information on state-specific resources. secureschoolresources.org Educator’s School Safety Network A school-safety nonprofit that addresses crisis management and infrastructure improvements from an educator-focused perspective. eschoolsafety.org Safe and Sound Schools Founded by the mothers of two Sandy Hook victims. Provides free resources, including safety tool kits and primary research on school-safety practices. Backed by experts in security, psychology, and violence prevention. safeandsoundschools.org National School Security Information Sharing System A secure forum for vetted…

Frame Carbon fiber offers the best blend of strength, weight, and durability. That’s great for when you’re starting out and crashing a ton. Buy one that uses 5-inch propellers from companies like SpaceOne or ImpulseRC. Battery Industry standard is four-cell. Motors and Propellers Motors are rated in kilovolts, or rpm generated per volt. Higher kilovolt options are more responsive, but they burn through the battery faster. Starting out, you want a less aggressive freestyle motor and propeller set. Stick to a thrust-to-weight ratio of 4:1. So if your frame, battery, motors, and any other major components weigh 500 g, you need motors that will give you 2 kg of thrust, or 500 g per motor. The more experienced you get—and the faster you want to fly—increase that ratio. Brain Flight…

DRY INGREDIENTS 1 cup self-rising flour1 level Tbsp baking powder1 level Tbsp cornmeal (You could eyeball this and it would still come out okay: a palm full of flour, a large pinch of baking powder, and a large pinch of cornmeal.) WET INGREDIENTS 1 egg1 cup buttermilk (or 2% milk)1 capful vegetable oil (use the cap for the vegetable oil container) MIXING INSTRUCTIONS 1. Mix the dry ingredients with a fork. 2. Mix the wet ingredients with a fork. 3. Mix together the wet and dry with a fork. 4. Thin the resulting batter with water until, when you pour it out of a spoon, it forms a thin smooth ribbon on top of the batter. COOKING INSTRUCTIONS 1. Moisten a paper towel with vegetable oil and wipe a sheen…

MATERIALS • Ten saplings, approximately 1 inch thick at their base and 5 to 6 feet long • Six sticks, 1 inch thick and 6 to 8 inches long • 25 feet cordage: parachute cord, animal hide cut into strips, or a ripped-up Def Leppard T-shirt INSTRUCTIONS 1. Bundle and tie together the skinny ends of five saplings. 2. Three feet down from the tie, spread the saplings apart so that they span 6 to 8 inches. Place one of the sticks across the spread-out saplings as a crossbar, then tie each sapling to the crossbar using a transom knot (Figs. A–D). The toe of your boot will eventually be lashed to this crossbar. 3. The tip of the snowshoe needs to curl up like an elf shoe. To achieve…

“If you like beer and you like making things, you'll like making beer!”1902 YOU DON’T MAKE your own beer to perfect the flavor, really. With more than 6,000 breweries in the U.S. alone, there’s a good chance someone’s already brewing something you enjoy. You make beer for one reason: because it’s fun. That you also get beer out of it is just a delicious bonus. 1 Procure the Right Supplies You don’t need fancy gadgets, says John LaPolla, cofounder of Bitter & Esters, a home-brew shop in Brooklyn, who’s been brewing since 1991 and still uses buckets. “Most people spend around $200 on equipment and ingredients,” LaPolla says. First, find a home-brewing-supply shop near you at homebrewersassociation.org. You’ll need: • something that can go on the stove to serve as…

WHERE YOU ARE In the Yard WHAT YOU MIGHT BE DOING Mowing, gardening, cutting lumber, running the chainsaw A / Hearing protection doesn’t have to be bulky or expensive. Moldex Jetz ear plugs are washable and fit in your shirt pocket. $2.25 B / Fine dust can be a real danger to your lungs. The RZ M2 mask has replaceable carbon filters and a Velcro strap, so it’s simple to put on and take off. Plus, it’s actually comfortable. $35 C / Mechanix Wear’s FastFit E5 gloves have an industrial A5 cut-resistance rating—the same one that protects glass and metal handlers—so they’ll keep you plenty safe from anything you may encounter in your yard. They’re comfortable, too. $25 D / Whether you’re using your drill or driving a nail, you…

TO CONSTRUCT a big building, you need a big crane. And you need someone to operate that crane. Popular Mechanics interviewed JIM DELANGHE, a 20-year veteran crane operator in Minnesota, to learn what it was like to build in the sky. Popular Mechanics: Do cranes have radios? Jim DeLanghe: Almost always. One time I was pouring concrete and it was really hectic—a high-speed job, kind of stressful, and it was going to be like that for six hours straight. I listened to a classical station to help soothe me. PM: How do you go to the bathroom? JD: They put a portable restroom near the crane so that you can get to it relatively easily, although you do have to go up and down the stairs. Bigger cranes have restrooms…

pp. 11–15 Henry Gifford; p. 16 War Games: Everett Collection; p. 18 top: Getty Images; p. 30 Getty; p. 37 Getty; p. 40 museum: Ty Wesselkamper; coffee: Philip Heidenrich; p. 48 tire: Trunk Archives; p. 55 Allie Holloway; styling: Mia Katoh; pp. 57–70 ring binder: Getty; p. 59 Balles: Michelle Stocker/Madison.com; p. 69 AP; p. 73 Ricky Rhodes; p. 75 Getty; p. 76 Everett Collection; p. 77 Allie Holloway; prop styling: JJ Chen; pancake: Getty; pp. 79–81 Allie Holloway; prop styling: JJ Chen; hummus, Neeson: Alamy; p. 84 Prince: Getty; p. 86 Getty; p. 88 Getty; p. 90 brewers: Getty; p. 98 crane: Getty; inset: Alamy; p. 99 hacksaw: Alamy; Mayfield, shuttle: Getty; chicken: Shutterstock; p. 100 Cantwell: NOAA; p. 104 Everett Collection. PM Family Word Scramble Answer Key, p. 99:…

Impermeable rubber suits are more protective than the thin, charcoal-lined permeable suits, but the heat burden is enormous. The higher the threat—if it’s unknown or there’s massive liquid and vapor contamination—you go with fully encapsulated suits and breathing apparatuses. Otherwise you can use filtering systems, such as gas masks. One tool that everyone carries is a personal atropine or oxime pen—a nerve agent treatment. It’s carried in the same location on the body. That way, when you need to treat someone who might be incapacitated by a chemical agent, you immediately know where to find his pen.…

IT’S EASY TO CHOOSE GEICO. Great rates. Great service. Amazing claim handling. It’s easy to choose GEICO! Get a quote and see how much money YOU could save on insurance for your car, truck, motorcycle, RV, boat and more. geico.com | 1-800-947-AUTO (2886) SLEEP SMARTER. SLEEP BETTER. Meet the only bed that responds to you and automatically adjusts the comfort on each side to keep you sleeping comfortably all night. Experience the Sleep Number 360® smart bed at your nearest Sleep Number® store. sleepnumber.com FROGTAPE BRAND PAINTER’S TAPE FrogTape® is the only painter’s tape treated with patented PaintBlock® Technology. PaintBlock is a super-absorbent polymer which reacts with the water in latex paint and instantly gels to form a micro-barrier that seals the edges of the tape, preventing paint bleed and…

PEOPLE ASK ME THIS A LOT: Should I stick with one company for all my technology on the theory that it works better together, or can I mix and match? (The syntax varies, but the question is always the same.) It’s a good question that smart people ask—including, recently, my colleague Lara Sorokanich, whose desk here at Popular Mechanics HQ faces mine. ¶ Turns out there are options for how to assemble your personal mix of services and devices. Lara recently leaned over to ask me about this. We recorded the conversation, presented here for you: LARA SOROKANICH: I have a Mac laptop and an iPhone, but I write in Google Docs and save all my photos to Google Photos. I like my Apple stuff, but Google markets its new…

EVERY YEAR, the Michelin tire company gathers the smartest minds in transportation for Movin’On, three days of panels, presentations, and people wearing lanyard ID tags. It’s a tire convention—and it’s fascinating. This year, engineers at Michelin showed off a plan to make new tires from 80 percent renewable materials like wood, straw, or beets (seriously). Why does Michelin spend more than $800 million a year researching sustainability so it can make tires out of root vegetables? Because the modern tire—more specifically, its disposal—is a filthy business. Each year, automobiles produce 246 million waste tires in the United States alone. How to reduce that astonishing number is a challenge so pressing that it has created its own industry dedicated to recycling efficiency. The Printable Tire of the Future Michelin’s concept tire…

1 Get a Team Together To make any school safer, you first have to identify all possible threats—everything from a school shooter to old electrical wiring. Assemble a team. It should be fairly large, with representatives not only from the obvious sectors—administration, faculty, parents, law enforcement, and local emergency personnel—but other important parts of the school community: coaches, bus drivers, after-school program staff, the IT department, custodians. Even the cafeteria staff. They sometimes leave doors open for deliveries or if the kitchen gets hot, according to Safe and Sound Schools, an initiative in Newtown, Connecticut, formed by parents after the Sandy Hook tragedy. One more important constituency from which to draw: students. 2 Think About What Worries You Most School shootings are terrifying and should be treated with proper caution…

TEDDIE’S PEANUT BUTTER DREAM 1 ½ oz peanut butter fat-washed rum*½ oz heavy cream½ oz white rum¾ oz simple syrup1 egg white1 heaping scoop Teddie’s Natural peanut butter Combine ingredients in a cocktail shaker without ice. Dry shake for 12 to 15 seconds until ingredients are well mixed. Add ice and shake for 7 to 10 seconds, or until the tin begins to feel cold. Double strain into a coupe glass and serve. *PEANUT BUTTER FAT-WASHED RUM 1 bottle Bully Boy Boston rum1 cup Teddie’s Natural peanut butter Combine ingredients in a sealed container and let it sit for five hours at room temperature. Place container in freezer and allow mixture to infuse overnight or for up to one week. Remove from freezer, thaw, and strain through a cheesecloth or…

Steady Lubrication for Big Cutting Jobs IF YOU’RE DOING cutting that needs constant lubrication, like using a saw to cut through concrete, a five-gallon paint bucket is a handy tool. Gouge a hole in it near the bottom (about the diameter of a screwdriver will work), and fill it with water. If someone holds it above the cut, water will leak out at just the right rate to keep the saw blade wet. Send Emails When You Want Email services like Outlook and Gmail can now be configured with a send-later function. In Outlook’s desktop app (A), click the arrow to the right of the Send button, and select Send Later. For Outlook’s web app and Gmail, you need to install a browser app called Boomerang (boomerangapp.com). Install it and…

Do you like beer? Yes (5) No (–5) Can you follow a recipe? Of course. (5) Takes awhile, but yes. (4) I tend to miss a few steps. (–5) How’d you do in chemistry class? A average. (10) Bs and Cs. (10) Not so great. (10) I went to a progressive school without grades, but I did get a sticker. (10) Do you like making cocktails? Yes (5) Isn’t that why we have bartenders? (–10) Do you consider yourself a DIYer? Yes (10) No (–5) I’m reading this at the doctor’s office. (–10) When was the last time you cleaned your kitchen? Today (5) This week (2) Two weeks ago or longer. (–2) Which of the following terms are you familiar with? Stir (1) Strain (1) Boiling point (1) Mash…

Now You Don’t Have to Take Our Word for It… I read “55 Things to Do Before the World Ends” (May). I saw the picture of Antelope Canyon, and we booked a tour right away. We went to both upper and lower tours. It was worth the trip! —Byron Chong Salinas, California The Truth About Manufacturing “The Future of American Manufacturing” (June) hit the nail on the head. It asked: “What is the biggest challenge to manufacturing in the U.S.?” Answer: lack of proficiency in traditional skills. This is 100 percent correct. I applied for a factory job in 2010 because the position required a bachelor’s degree. In the interview, I recited all the cutting-edge technologies I knew. The interviewers responded by asking if I knew how to use positive…

Does turning the heat down at night save energy, or is the savings used when it has to run more in the morning? Turning the heating temperature down at night and then back up in the morning saves a significant amount of energy, as does turning the air-conditioning temperature up when the home is unoccupied. Mathematically speaking, the amount of energy required to keep a house warm is equal to the difference between the indoor and outdoor temperatures multiplied by the time that this difference is maintained. Some thermostats, such as the Honeywell RedLink, can be linked to your cellphone so that they know when you are getting close to home and can turn up the heat (or the a/c) before you get there.…

Proengin’s AP4C detector analyzes gas and vapor samples using flame spectrophotometry. After a sample is sucked in through the intake port (1), it passes over a small hydrogen flame (2). The sample burns in the flame, producing a light wave, the color of which is determined by the elements present, such as phosphorus (3). That spectrum passes through a focus lens (4) and onto a sensor (5). The results are run through a processor (6), which analyzes the sample for the presence of four basic elements that are common in chemical weapons: phosphorus, hydrogen-nitrogen oxygen bonds, arsenic, and sulfur. The AP4C has no onboard library. It does not identify the possible agent. It simply detects the presence of one. The waste is expelled through the exhaust (7). The entire process…

1 If you wouldn’t wear it to Target, don’t wear it in the work space. 2 I once saw a guy take off his wet socks, tuck them in between the couch cushions, then put his bare feet on the coffee table. Don’t do that. 3 Chew with your mouth closed. This has nothing specifically to do with coworking spaces, but it is a rule we should all live by. 4 No, not the bike shorts. 5 To estimate the amount of space you should take up at a shared table, imagine six inches beyond the width of your body on either side, extending no more than two feet in front of you. 6 Why are there wet jeans draped over an architectural feature? Are you wearing other pants? 7…

GIN DOESN’T AGE in barrels like bourbon or Scotch, picking up golden color and rich characteristics from wood. But just because it’s see-through doesn’t mean it’s not as structurally complex as any brown spirit. Instead of deriving flavor from a limited mixture of grains, gin gets its flavor from an array of botanicals. In Berkshire Mountain Distillers’ new Ethereal line, there is always the backbone of juniper, plus multiple levels of citrus—lemon, lime, grapefruit. But each edition relies on diversity—lavender, cubeb berries, peppercorn, coriander, rose hips, so many others—combined in proportions that are closely guarded secrets. “We can discover flavors by varying ratios of the botanicals we use—how they relate to each other and how to combine them for balance,” says Chris Weld, founder of the distillery, originally an offshoot…

2018 Buick Regal TourX How GM does the AWD wagon. I pull up outside an ice-cream shop to pick up my wife and kids, and as they cross the street a cashier runs out of the store and excitedly yells, “What kind of car is that?” I actually look back over my shoulder to see if maybe an Aston Martin Vulcan pulled up behind me before I realize he’s talking to me. “It’s a Buick TourX,” I call back as the fam climbs aboard. “Wow, that is a fantastic-looking car!” he replies. I’m momentarily dumbfounded. A Buick station wagon just caused a reaction normally engendered by European exotics. Which, in a way, the Regal TourX is—it’s built in Germany, and any wagon is exotic by dint of not being a…

Out on the trail, 2.6 ragged miles, basketball-size rocks can trip you up if you’re a newbie, introducing your teeth to the back of your throat. But not the croo, as they spell it. The croo doesn’t trip. The croo—six people, all in their twenties, who hike this stretch twice a week—stopped watching their boots months ago. They could hike it blindfolded, even carrying the 60-pound wood-frame packs of fresh food they have to haul up to the Mizpah Spring Hut (latitude 44.2194, longitude -71.3696) for the hikers who book a room. Blindfolded and smiling. The croo’s unifying characteristic: When someone said, “It’s a mountain hostel where hikers stop on the Appalachian Trail for the night, and there will be six of you in two small rooms. There can be…

Don’t Assume We’re Talking About a Huge Expense “Don’t let money stop you. Start knocking out some low-hanging fruit. One of the most important things is just having your doors locked, and getting people to buy in so they don’t have rocks blocking doors open. There is so much stuff you can do that doesn’t cost anything, and then just start chipping away each year.” —Steven Forte, superintendent, Denville Township School District, New Jersey Don’t Think Locks and Bulletproof Glass Will Solve Everything “You can change the front of your school, but if we don’t address the mental-health issue, it’s never going to stop. Kids need to know how to deal with loss, how to win and lose. Bullying is part but not the whole part. It’s more than just…

Do Drills Scare Young Students? “We’ve conducted numerous parent forums to go over what we talk to their students about. We give families an age-appropriate script about exactly what we say, so parents can use the same language we use.” —Steve Fujii, superintendent, Marion City School District, Ohio Are All These Drills and Cameras Really Necessary? Shootings Are Still Quite Rare. We found that many school districts that implement security measures for one reason—fear of a potential shooting, for example—often end up relying on them to help with other problems. An anonymous tip line designed to find potential aggressors might also receive calls about drug use, or a suicide. And so-called active-shooter drills are useful in preparing for all kinds of emergencies. Drills Help Address All Kinds of Problems “When…

LAY A MAT-SIZE piece of bluestone, limestone, or sandstone (a concrete paver also works, but you won’t end up with the same clean lines) across a pair of sawhorses, and mark your pattern on it using a rafter square and a carpenter’s pencil. Use a masonry saw to cut all the grooves to ⅛ inch deep in a single pass, lower the blade, and make two more passes, extending the depth by ⅛ inch each time. For a more professional look, rock the edges by holding a mason’s chisel at a 45-degree angle to the mat’s surface, ½ inch in from the edge and angled out, and hitting it with a hand sledge around the perimeter of the stone. A final note: Take the mat in during the winter to…

MAKES ABOUT 4 CUPS (4 SERVINGS) INGREDIENTS 1 garlic clove juice of 1 lemon1 16-oz jar tahini (typically found in supermarkets’ international aisles)1 Tbsp kosher salt1 tsp ground cumin1 to 1½ cups ice water2 15-oz cans chickpeas, drained and rinsed INSTRUCTIONS 1. Nick off a piece of the garlic (about a quarter of the clove) and drop it into a food processor. 2. Squeeze the lemon juice into the food processor. Pour the tahini on top, making sure to scrape it all out of the container, and add the salt and cumin. 3. Process until the mixture looks peanut-buttery, about 1 minute. 4. Stream in the ice water, a little at a time, with the motor running. Process just until the mixture is smooth and creamy and lightens to the…

A wheel came off my rolling trash can. No matter how hard I look, I can’t find a replacement anywhere. Do I have to buy a new trash can? Tyler A., Bellevue, Nebraska Nope. You just need to know what to ask for. These small plastic wheels are sometimes called push-cap wheels. The little hat-shaped oddity that secures them is called a push cap, a hat nut, or a cap nut. Slide out the axle and remove the remaining wheel and take it to a hardware store, where an associate should be able to help you find another. You can also look online. Measure the diameter of the wheel first, to be sure you’re getting the right fit. Six-, seven-, and eight-inch diameters are common. For not very much money,…

MY FIRST BATCH of beer was intended to be an easy-drinking English-style pale ale. It wasn’t even pale—more of a hazy caramel. The taste was uniformly awful, simultaneously cloyingly sweet and egregiously bitter. And was that a hint of gym socks in the aroma? When a friend asked to try a bottle—it was college, so: free beer!—I tried to blow the aromatic nastiness off the top without his noticing. I was willing to endure the bizarre awkwardness of whistling at his beer for the hope of my dreadful ale tasting a little less vulgar. It barely helped, but we naively drank the whole batch. My beer got better. Yours will too. It always does. I bought fresher ingredients—nothing from a can—and avoided my first-batch pitfalls of fermenting too warm and…

WHAT WE PUT THEM THROUGH Two hours of grinding on ¼-inch-thick steel plate. A / Milwaukee 2783-22 WEIGHT: 6.2 lb with 5.0-Ah battery WHEEL SIZE: 4 ½ inches LIKES: A great tool that effortlessly shaves down metal. Our favorite aspect is the ingeniously designed spindle nut, which requires no tools to loosen or tighten. Just flip up a small lever and spin it by hand. DISLIKES: If you pivot the wheel guard too far around the wheel, it pops off, and you have to reassemble the guard. $449 B / Hilti AG500-A22 WEIGHT: 6.4 lb with 5.2-Ah battery WHEEL SIZE: 5 inches LIKES: A solid, industrial-duty grinder. Its Active Torque Control feature separates the 9,500-rpm motor from the drivetrain if you push hard enough to stall the wheel or if…

COMMUNICATIONS Okeanos sends data and video to shore using a VSAT (very small aperture terminal) satellite dish. Its high-bandwidth connection lets hundreds more scientists follow the operation in real time, even if they’re nowhere near the ship. DEEP DISCOVERER Okeanos has two remotely operated vehicles. Deep Discover, or D2, weighs 9,150 pounds and can go nearly 20,000 feet deep. That gives it access to 95 percent of the world’s oceans. (The deepest point in the ocean is the bottom of the Mariana Trench: 35,800 feet. That’s like turning Mount Everest upside down—and then going another 6,700 feet deeper.) D2 has two robotic arms controlled by a person on the Okeanos and used to gather samples of things like deep-sea coral and carnivorous sea sponges. SEIRIOS Seirios hovers above D2, helping…