This is the fifth article covering my visits to Negros Island, Philippines, 1978 83. See my articles in LI 94 (ILCO), 103 (Ma ao), 118 (La Carlota), and 136 (Sagay).
I consider that Hawaiian-Philippine (HP) as the most ‘classical’ sugar producing outfit on the island. The only deviations from the classic American system, c1920, is the use of some diesels on the railway, replacement of the classic large reciprocating steam engines, still used in most other mills, by steam turbines, and some road delivery of cane to a purposebuilt transfer point to rail. The mill can only take cane in by rail.
The mill itself is still largely steam driven, steam being piped throughout with small engines driving various equipment and devices, and providing heat for the sugar extraction process…