MIDDLE SCHOOL IS a time of big changes for most students: a different building, teams of teachers, and more homework. But my friend Kristin Wolden Nitz tells me that in Merano, Italy, middle-school students have an added challenge. Instead of greeting their teacher with a breezy ciao, which means both “hello” and “goodbye,” they must respectfully say, “Good morning” or “Good afternoon.” Instead of saying tu, the informal form of “you,” they must switch to lei, the formal form of “you,” and the different verb conjugation that goes with it.
This might seem strange to Americans, since the English language—unlike French, German, Spanish, and Italian—no longer has one mode of address for strangers, store clerks, and superiors, and another for children, friends, and family. (Thee and thou fell out of…