THE UK writes her autobiography through her monuments. Dolmens, obelisks, statues, sculptures, spires, tombs, pillars, pyramids and crosses unfold a history of soldiers and seafarers, explorers and Imperialists, priests and idealists, writers, eccentrics and advocates for justice. Many figures are the staples of history books, but these memorials also paint a more complex social picture. There is a monument to the nameless Victorian navvies who died building bridges and laying railway tracks; another to miners killed in an underground explosion. Grieving parents have constructed elaborate monuments to infants. Beloved animals are commemorated, too, from Lord Byron’s dog Boatswain to Dr Johnson’s cat Hodge.
The compulsion to set up a marker, whether cairn or column, has the deepest of roots. When Neolithic and Bronze Age people built monuments, they built them…
