▶ IN 2004, JACK MA, the Co-founder of China’s Alibaba, an e-commerce business then just five years old and yet to become a world-beater, launched payments platform Alipay for its retail customers and merchants. In a decade, Alipay (later reborn as Ant Financial) became China’s leading financial services giant, offering a digital wallet, consumer credit, money market funds, wealth management, and a digital-only bank for small enterprises. Ant Financial soon had $600 billion in assets under management as it layered various financial services atop the e-commerce platform. What also worked was China’s underserved and unbanked population, with an aspirational middle class—and a surge in smartphone use. China’s financial services sector, dominated by state-owned banks, was also ripe for disruption. Ma had struck gold.
Mukesh Ambani’s Jio Financial Services, dubbed the…
