Innholdsfortegnelse for January 2019 i BBC Wildlife Magazine

Kick your way along the strandline of any UK coast south of Spurn Head or Cardigan Bay and you’ll almost certainly find a peculiar shell (it’s sometimes recorded in Scotland, too). An elongated ovoid, a slipper limpet shell is hunched in profile and often covered in algae and other growths, but wipe it clean with your fingers and you’ll reveal a pink-white colour that’s decorated with darker dots and dashes. Flip over the shell and you’ll see a pearly white shelf that closes off half of the cavity underneath. The slipper limpet has become so numerous that, on some southern beaches, it seems there are more shells than shingle. Its omnipresence means the species is often overlooked but this sea snail has many a tale to tell. The first is…

A hurricane and a mouse Beach mice in the dune systems of Florida’s Alabama Point have been decimated by hurricanes several times. The team set out to film the species, but didn’t anticipate the arrival of Hurricane Harvey, the largest storm since Katrina in 2005. It was a tense time for all involved – via satellite, they watched the storm form and head towards land. In the event, mice (and crew) missed the worst of the extreme weather. New forest, new hope It is impossible to ignore the devastating impact humans are having on Earth’s tropical forests but, in Tanzania, there’s a story of hope. Guided by satellite imagery, the Jane Goodall Institute and a local community have regenerated an area of forest large enough to be seen from space.…

LION You will find small token deposits left in prominent places along lions’ travel routes. Lions employ chemical signalling to indicate their presence to any intruders in the area. HIPPOPOTAMUS ‘Dung-showering’ is of central importance in the marking of territory, so don’t expect tidy mounds. Bulls will spray faeces at boundaries with other herds using rapidly paddling tails. SPOTTED HYENA Latrines are located on territorial boundaries and may be shared by neighbouring clans. A green colour when fresh, the high bone content of hyena scat causes it to turn chalky white when dry. IMPALA Hard, pellet-like and small, these droppings are indicative of impala or other small antelope. Impalas often create communal latrines, forming mounds of faeces. WILDEBEEST Ground disturbance may be in evidence around wildebeest faeces as males mark…

Should we improve the way we manage our National Parks (NPs) for wildlife? That’s one thing a government review of England’s most cherished landscapes is asking, as post-Brexit changes to the way farming is subsidised come closer. A report published by the Campaign for National Parks in June 2018 stated that, while our national parks (and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty) are important for wildlife, they ‘are not bucking the national trends of decline in species and the degradation of habitats.’ One idea suggested in the report was for authorities to identify areas within parks where ‘natural processes support more robust, functional ecosystems’ – partial rewilding, in other words. Derbyshire Wildlife Trust’s head of living landscapes, Tim Birch, says he wants to see the Peak District NP become much wilder,…

aving a stranded Mediterranean monk seal pup marked the beginning of Zafer Kizilkaya’s marine conservation journey. He spent months rehabilitating the Critically Endangered pinniped in his native Turkey, before releasing it back into Gökova Bay. When the seal was spotted playing near a town 14 days later, he investigated. “The sea looked pristine on the surface, but below it was a devastated marine site,” says Kizilkaya. “I couldn’t believe my eyes.” Following an assessment, the marine biologist discovered that Gökova Bay had no marine algae, lots of invasive species and a lack of biodiversity. This wasn’t just bad news for its marine life, but also for the hundreds of fishermen and women trying to earn their livelihood in these waters – when fish stocks collapsed to 4g per square kilometre…

Joint surveys of the small population of wolves in Norway and Sweden are continuing this winter. At the same time, hunters are carrying out another licensed wolf cull in Norway, following a contentious decision by the country’s Ministry of Climate and Energy. Wolves in Sweden and Norway are members of a cross-border population whose numbers are assessed through annual surveys. The 2017–18 survey found evidence of an estimated 410 wolves, three-quarters of which live in Sweden. The Norwegian wolf population, including animals that range across the border, numbers fewer than 100. Current winter hunting of 26 of these Norwegian wolves has been welcomed by farmers’ representatives, with Einar Frogner of Norges Bondelag saying that it shows the government is listening to people who face challenges from living with wolves. But…

This is a beautiful, inspiring and informative book about an astonishing and bold project. Its title refers to the artist Jane Kim’s unique creation – a huge mural that graces the world-famous Cornell Lab of Ornithology, in Ithaca, New York State. Over a period of 17 months, she painted on this giant wall, 232 square metres in area, one representative of each of the 243 families of birds alive in the world, life-size and in full colour. All these beautiful images are reproduced in this book, interwoven with a text written in partnership with Kim’s husband, combining accurate information, artistic details and personal reflections – including the experience of developing an ‘avian Pantone’ chart as a way to reference the array of plumage colours across different species. We also get…

This stunning book, by an author whose passion for flowers is matched by his exceptional skill in portraying them with oil paints, showcases some of the most charismatic and colourful species, including carnivores, vampire-like parasites and flowers that bamboozle animals into doing their bidding. Sometimes plants are thought of as the supporting cast for the animal kingdom – something for them to eat or to hide in and raise a family – but this book places these celebrities of the vegetable kingdom centre stage. A botanical tour de force.…

A sweet and nutty morsel of a book, this, and perhaps a perfect introduction to John Lewis-Stempel as well as to our most venerated tree. Not that there is a huge amount of his much-admired nature writing – more than half of the pages are taken up with verse, gazetteer-type information, and titbits of oak history and lore. But what there is, well, it’s sublime, of course. This is the kind of book that begs to be thrust unexpectedly into the hands of someone with a leisurely hour to spare. It is a wonderful gift of simple nourishment for the reader’s heart, mind and soul.…

A The recoveries of the UK’s buzzard and red kite populations after years of persecution are conservation success stories, with both species now well established across most of their former haunts. However, the comeback of these large raptors (along with the goshawk), may have implications for other birds, particularly if they are potential competitors or prey. Studies elsewhere in Europe suggest that the return of a large raptor can reduce the numbers of other bird species within its territories, or lower their productivity. Though we do not have any evidence of this happening in the UK, there is a suggestion that breeding hobbies have become less obvious in areas occupied by buzzards and kites. This could be a behavioural response, with the hobbies choosing less obvious nest sites, or it…

A Domestic cats, whose effects on wildlife are well known, might be forgiven for thinking that dogs have got off rather lightly. It is estimated that there are a billion domestic dogs worldwide (more than there are cats); three-quarters of which are free-roaming, mostly in rural areas. These animals can spread disease, hybridise with native dog species, compete with other carnivores and attack wild animals. In the 1980s, a single dog killed 500 kiwis in New Zealand, while a recent survey in India documented dogs attacking 80 species – mostly large mammals – of which 31 were threatened and four critically endangered.…

Ostentatious body parts are costly to maintain, so there needs to be at least one good reason to have them. In the case of the eye-catching appendages sported by flag-footed bugs, there are two. Not only are these ‘flags’ paraded by males during courtship, but they also serve as decoys for both sexes, diverting an assailant’s attention from the body. Should a predator seize one, the bug can jettison the whole leg, much like a lizard sheds its tail. But there’s little point in surviving if you can’t then attract a mate, which might explain why males are less willing than females to make the sacrifice.…

Community Woodland Get advice and inspiration on creating your own community woodland for wildlife. communitywoodland.org Woodland Trust Help conserve and increase the UK’s trees and woods by taking part in tree planting and woodland management projects and events. woodlandtrust.org.uk Canal and River Trust Help maintain our canals and rivers. Groups can ‘adopt a waterway’ and there are a myriad of volunteering roles for individuals. canalrivertrust.org.uk…

CHLOË SAROSH Chloë produced the BBC series Earth from Space. “The satellite images of Earth are truly breathtaking,” she says. “Every day, I was reminded of just how beautiful our planet is and how lucky we are to live on it.” See p18 STEPHEN MOSS Naturalist Stephen has always loved wrens, the subject of his latest book. “The wren is such a paradox,” he says. “Even though it is our most common bird, many people tell me they have never seen one.” See p32 SUE RYLANCE Journalist Sue went on a low-tech tracking safari in Tanzania. “Without technology, you need all your senses to unravel the clues left by the animals,” she says. “You become a bush detective.” See p40 ALEX MORSS Ecologist, botany tutor and writer Alex Morss explores…

Back in 1946, a group of scientists launched a 35mm camera on a rocket almost 105km into orbit. The camera itself was smashed to pieces on landing, but its film survived. The pictures – grainy and indistinct – were our first glimpse of Earth from space. Now, over 70 years on, technology has improved almost beyond imagination. Not only can we marvel at the images taken by astronauts from the International Space Station, but remote cameras on board satellites orbiting Earth are now capturing its surface in incredible detail. Great landscapes become beautiful abstract works of art – exquisite colours and shapes forming intricate patterns. We were gifted the chance to take a picture anywhere on the planet. Satellite cameras offer a chance to look down at our planet from…

Not surprisingly for such a common and widespread bird, the wren has a multitude of folk names. These include ‘titty’ and ‘titty-wren’, along with variants such as ‘cutty-wren’, ‘chitty-‘wren’ and ‘tiddly-creeper’. There’s also ‘tomtit’ and ‘tom in the wall’ – in which ‘tom’ signifies something small, as in the children’s fairy tale Tom Thumb . ‘Two-fingers’ is another reference to its small size; and there’s ‘stumpy’, ‘stumpit’ and ‘stumpy-dick’, all of which refer to the wren’s most prominent feature – its sticking-up tail. But by far the most familiar to most of us is the nickname ‘Jenny wren’.…

Hippos are creatures of habit. Every night, they emerge from the river to tread a well-worn, two-lane path to feed. They’ll graze, then – some time later – they may stop to roll in a patch of sandy ground before flicking their tail and splattering their dung and urine up the side of a bush. But hippos are not the only users of this path and their nocturnal routine scuffs, disturbs and obliterates prints and scat made by other animals, birds and insects. Still, the quantity of traffic in the bush means that on the hippos’ return to their daytime river retreat, other creatures have already left fresh spoor. Wildlife trackers are therefore required to be bush detectives, interpreting an ever-changing landscape. The physical evidence – the prints, the dung…

The Sea Life Trust in partnership with Whale and Dolphin Conservation launched the world’s first whale sanctuary in June. It will become the new home of two wild-caught female beluga whales currently in captivity – Little Grey and Little White – in spring 2019. The whales will take part in an incredible 9,650km journey from their captive home in Shanghai, China, to a natural ocean bay on the island of Heimaey, off the southern coast of Iceland. It is also the same location where Keiko, the star of Free Willy, spent some of the last years of his life. • Find out more: bit.ly/belugasanctuary…

Stella Ross-Craig A prolific English illustrator of native flowers, Stella Ross-Craig is still regarded by many as the unbeatable queen of British botanical art. Her educational series of 31 paperbacks, Drawings of British Plants, displays almost all British flowering species, Ross-Craig researched each plant to ensure she magnified essential features (below). She drew almost all of her work from dried specimens but if she did ever visit the field, it could involve waiting months to capture both the inflorescence and the fruit. Her work stands out in the field of scientific illustration because she produced comprehensive depictions of each plant’s diagnostic features, with trustworthy clarity. Cicely Mary Barker Cicely Mary Barker’s Flower Fairies series (right) opened people’s eyes to Britain’s wild flowers, bringing their stories alive with poetry, art and…

Head to the RSPB website to join in with this year’s garden wildlife survey. 2019 marks the 40th anniversary of the event, which now sees over one million people taking part. By recording the number of garden birds and other wildlife, it is possible to spot dips in populations but also recognise success stories – blue tit numbers have increased by 20 per cent since the first survey took place in 1979. The format may not have changed in the past 40 years, but with a digital version of the pack now available, those keen to take part can do so without the need for paper, pen or postage. The perfect excuse for a bit of wildlife watching from the comfort of your home.…

It seems we live in a time of great upheaval, but no development is more uncertain than that of climate change. In this comprehensive, cautiously toned but scrupulously fact-based book, Trevor Beebee attempts to make sense of its hydra-headed impacts. While he acknowledges that warmer conditions have encouraged the spread of numerous species – wasp spider, tree bumblebee and long-winged conehead, for instance – ultimately, Beebee concludes, climate chaos adds layers of stress to our beleaguered countryside.…

BREAKING THE ICE If putting out water for winter wildlife, remember to check it hasn’t frozen, and melt it with warm water, or replace it with a fresh supply, if it has. HEDGE YOUR BETS Plant mixed hedging for wildlife anytime into late winter. Find planting advice at: rhs.org.uk/advice/profile?PID=377 CLEANING UP Keep bird tables clean to ensure avian visitors stay fit and healthy. Use a stiff brush to scrub feeders with warm, soapy water. You can also purchase a cleaning kit from the RSPB: bit.ly/rspbcleaningkit…

‘Can we stop it?’ Journalist Rachel Love Nuwer asks the head of the Wildlife Conservation Society’s Africa programme, Timothy Tear, in Poached: Inside the dark  world of wildlife trafficking. The problem, he replies, is you need to stop the killing, the trafficking and the demand all at once. “If you don’t, it turns into a ‘war on drugs-type situation’.” In a whirlwind tour of these three separate aspects of the illegal wildlife trade, Nuwer takes the reader from watching ivory burn in Kenya to releasing pangolins in Vietnam. This is a vital book at a time when the world’s wildlife is in crisis – it may not have too many answers, but asks plenty of searching questions.…

A Temperate deciduous forests tend to comprise a mixture of species of varying ages, with mature trees forming a canopy with layers of overlapping branches that all receive a share of light as the sun moves across the sky. But in some other forests, particularly those with lodgepole pines, eucalyptus, mangroves and certain tropical dipterocarp trees, ‘crown shyness’ prevents neighbouring branches from overlapping and shading one another. From below, the treetops appear to lock together like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, separated by channels of blue sky. Botanists are still debating the mechanism behind the mutual shade-avoidance. Some think that the physical abrasion between branches colliding on a windy day inhibits growth, thus maintaining personal space between trees. Others claim that buds at the end of twigs sense the…

The K-T Boundary (also known as the K-Pg Boundary) is a stratum – a distinctive layer of rock – that runs around the world and marks the transition between the Cretaceous and Tertiary geological periods. It was laid down about 66 million years ago, coinciding with the end of the dinosaur age. The layer is rich in iridium, an element that is rare in the Earth’s crust, but common in meteorites, providing some of the strongest evidence for what caused the mass extinction.…

Enter our Your Photos competition at discoverwildlife.com/submit-your-photos Bit of a mouthful My friend and I visited the Saltee Islands, off the coast of County Wexford in Ireland, to photograph Atlantic puffins. This was my fifth time visiting the Islands, and it is always magical. I had to lay on the ground to get this shot of the auk with its mouth full of fish and lit up by the evening sun. I was elated and overjoyed at such a good result. John O’Brien, Arklow, Ireland 1 Hide and seek I took this shot while visiting Yakushima, one of the Osumi Islands in Japan, for the first time. During a diving trip, my guide and I spotted this pygmy seahorse hiding in the soft coral. Reiko Takahashi, Iwate, Japan 2 Cosy…

ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR WINNER SUNIL GOPALAN LIFE AND DEATH AT THE EDGE OF THE WORLD Great skua, Stercorarius skua; Atlantic puffin, Fratercula arctica Fair Isle, Shetland Seabird colonies are among my favourite places. One morning on Fair Isle, I heard a great racket arise from the other side of the cliff. The cliffs are periodically patrolled by predators, which cause all the puffins to dash for cover. I have never seen any action before, but this ‘bonxie’ (great skua) closed the loop on the circle of life right in front of my lens. Category sponsored by Shetland Nature…

1 | SALTMARSHES Between land and sea On a raw January day, with a chill wind whipping in off the sea, saltmarshes can feel utterly bleak. They are a ‘halfway house’; an ever-changing world of glistening ooze, strange plants and saline creeks, that disappears daily under high tides. Yet this low-lying coastal habitat is of vital importance, for its wildlife riches and economic value. Huge numbers of ducks, geese and waders, including curlew ( pictured ), depend on saltmarsh during the winter. In summer, it is a breeding ground for about half of Britain’s redshanks – known as ‘sentinels of the marshes’ for their flightiness and shrill alarm calls – which nest among the hardy Spartina grass, sea purslane, glasswort and seablite. These halophytic…

1 Blithfield Reservoir in South Staffordshire has 21 species of waterfowl using the site in winter. A Site of Special Scientific Interest, some parts are only accessible with a permit from the West Midland Bird Club. 2 Rutland Water is owned by Anglian Water, but a large swathe is managed by the Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust. It has hosted counts of as many as 30,000 wildfowl in winter. 3 Abberton Reservoir is managed by Essex and Suffolk Water. With waterfowl counts regularly up to 40,000 during winter, it is recognised as a reserve of international importance. 4 London Wetland Centre is managed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust and was converted into a showpiece urban reserve from four disused Victorian reservoirs in the borough of Richmond upon Thames. 5…

Step 1 Find your elephants The production team sends coordinates of their chosen elephants’ most recent location to the satellite company. Its technicians programme their satellite to acquire the image. Step 2 Timing is everything The satellite company informs the television crew of the precise time that the satellite will be passing over the required spot. Step 3 Bring on the drone To create a seamless zoom from a satellite image down to ground level, the television crew positions a drone. It is able to fly just high enough to match the greatest zoom on the satellite. Step 4 Watch the weather The crew cross their fingers and hope that clouds don’t get in the way of the image feeds. Unfavourable weather ruins many filming attempts.…

TROPHY HUNTING The killing of wild animals for pleasure – frequently big game such as rhinos, elephants, bears and lions. The 'trophy' is a part of the animal (usually the head) kept as a souvenir. It is widely and legally practised under official government licence. CANNED HUNTING An extreme form of trophy hunting where animals are bred on ranches and contained in small enclosures, increasing the likelihood of a hunter obtaining a kill. It is a fast-growing business in South Africa, and is also permitted in many US states. POACHING The hunting of wild animals without the legal permission of whoever controls the land. Hunting is regulated by the government and therefore hunters must obtain permission and permits.…

The wren features in the writings of Chaucer and Shakespeare, William Blake and John Clare, and most famously, in Edward Lear’s comic verse: Two owls and a hen,four larks and a wren,have all built their nests in my beard. The wren also appeared on Britain’s smallest coin, the farthing, from 1937 to 1960 when it was finally withdrawn from circulation (there were four farthings in a pre-decimal coinage penny). But the most intriguing way that wrens feature in British and Irish culture is the old annual ritual of the ‘wren hunt’, in which groups of boys would pursue a wren around their village each Boxing Day, before capturing or killing it and demanding a reward.…

The best time to visit is from June to October, the dry season, when the animals gather at water holes. Individual or tailor-made tours to Selous, with 4WD game drives, walking or boating safaris, or birding, are offered by Scott Dunn (scottdunn.com). Package holidays are offered by Explore (explore.co.uk). Independent travellers can fly to Dar es Salaam then transfer on to Selous with airlines such as Coastal Aviation (coastal.co.tz). The journey takes six hours in a 4WD or five hours by train. There is a range of accommodation within Selous and reserve entrance fees are usually around £70 for 24 hours.…

Caught on camera The Wondiwoi tree kangaroo – last seen in 1928 and presumed extinct – has been spotted in New Guinea by a British amateur naturalist. National Geographic reports that Michael Smith obtained the only known photographs of the species. Buzzing off Bees stopped flying during North America’s solar eclipse in August 2017. A citizen science project, now published in Annals of the Entomological Society of America, recorded a single buzz across 16 monitoring stations. Unhealthy hares Sightings of dead and sick brown hares have raised concerns they are suffering from myxomatosis or viral haemorrhagic disease, according to scientists from University of East Anglia. The public is being asked to send records to Dr Diana Bell. Sound of silence It’s not just military sonar that affects whales. PLOS ONE…

Conservationists are coldblooded killers. That may be a little harsh – I’ve yet to meet one who does not care passionately about all animals great and small – but there is no doubt that conservation can sometimes involve an awful lot of killing. If you are a conservationist in New Zealand, for example, your motivation is to bring back severely depleted populations of native birds. But, in order to do so, you have to spend an inordinate amount of time killing all the introduced ferrets, stoats, weasels, rats, cats, dogs, hedgehogs and possums that now run amok in this once predator-free land. The harsh reality is that, without killing the animals that threaten native species, there would be nothing left to protect. So, here’s a question: can we safeguard Earth’s…

Head The large, bulbous melon is made from fatty tissue and is used as an acoustic lens to focus echolocation signals. Skin Born dark grey with a blue-brown tinge, they turn pure white between 5 to 12 years. The body is wrapped in a thick layer of blubber to protect it from icy Arctic waters. Neck Unlike other cetaceans, the cervical vertebrae are not fused, allowing them to move their heads around. Probably an adaptation to life in shallow waters and under sea ice. Face One of only two cetacean species, along with Irrawaddy dolphins, that can alter face shape when producing sounds. Dorsal ridge To reduce heat loss, there is a low dorsal ridge instead of a dorsal fin, made of tough skin to break through surface ice.…

1 Lighting Photos vary in contrast, tone and depth of field, so can be misleading. Artwork is neutral and uniformly sharp, without any backlit areas or distracting shadows. 2 Flowerheads Photos seldom reveal a plant's flowerheads from every angle, but an artist can show multiple angles. With umbellifers such as cow parsley, it is often useful to be able to see the underside of the flowerhead, for identification, too. 3 Flowers An artist can incorporate close-ups of individual flowers, removed from the plant for an uncluttered view. 4 Stem Artwork is able to show both outer and inner stem structure – hollow in cow parsley – far better than photography can. 5 Seeds Drawings can include parts of the plant at different stages of development, such as ripe fruit, seeds…

If the indulgences of the festive season leave you itching to get out into the fresh air and walk off several dozen mince pies (or is that just me?), this series is bound to offer some timely inspiration. Each of the 11 episodes sees a new presenter focusing on a different English region and its rivers. Following the water’s course, we discover the local countryside, history, flora and fauna – from wild swimming and otter spotting in Hampshire to canoeing and meeting llamas in Yorkshire. “In River Walks, we showcase the natural beauty to be found up and down England,” says Stuart Thomas, head of programmes BBC England. “I hope we inspire viewers to get out and about in the great outdoors and follow in the footsteps of our presenters…

What’s the documentary about? A humpback whale breached onto me when I was kayaking with my friend Charlotte in Monterey Bay three years ago – it was filmed by someone nearby and went viral. I became fascinated by whales and the people who study and protect them. The film is about what I discovered when I went to try and figure out what happened to us and why. I saw first-hand the challenges that these animals face, and I wanted to tell their story, so we can do something about it. Was filming at sea difficult? We filmed a rescue team cutting free a trapped humpback. It is a dangerous thing to do, and there’s no space on the small boats for film crews getting in the way. It took…

DO OTHER BIRDS TAKE OVER SWALLOW NESTS? Yes. Though swallows can be very aggressive towards other birds that approach and threaten their nests, they often lose out to larger and more dominant species. House sparrows can be a particular problem, destroying eggs and chicks and sometimes taking over a dwelling altogether. An evicted pair can make another nesting attempt, but the failure may cause the partners to opt for a ‘divorce’ instead. DO PAIRS USE THE SAME NEST FOR THEIR SECOND BROOD? Yes, a second brood is usually reared in the same nest as the first. It takes seven weeks for swallows to bring up their chicks, so time is tight. Re-using an existing nest can save 5–12 days, and obviously makes sense unless the dwelling has a high parasite…

EMAIL US wildlifeletters@immediate.co.uk WRITE TO US BBC Wildlife , Tower House, Fairfax Street, Bristol BS1 3BN FOLLOW US facebook.com/wildlifemagazine;twitter.com/WildlifeMag; instagram.com/bbcwildlifemagazine Railway sightings Richard Smyth’s report (Drought, October 2018) suggested that last summer was a bad time for foxes, but my sightings suggest the opposite. I am a train driver, working mainly between Cleethorpes and Manchester Airport. In an average year, I will see about 130 foxes. However, I had recorded 126 by early October, with an explosion in numbers between June and July. I expect 2018 will prove to be a bumper year – it may have been extremely hot, but it certainly didn’t stop the foxes from keeping up appearances on my route! David Whitehead, Rotherham Defending direct action I was surprised to read Mark Carwardine…

Why have you championed the fin whale? I love fin whales because they can double their own weight when they feed. A small individual ‘lunging’ on a school of krill can go from 60,000kg up to 130,000kg – so you’ve got a 6o,000kg whale taking on 70,000kg of water in just six to 10 seconds. A fin whale can consume up to 2,000kg of krill a day – which is amazing! It seems counterintuitive that the second largest whale in the ocean (growing up to 27 metres long and weighing as much as 120,000kg) feeds on tiny crustaceans. Have you ever seen this behaviour? Not yet. I’d love to watch a fin whale charge a school of krill and then, just before the whale is about to make contact, see…